The Ts have a size of 96.3 × 84.5 × 30.7 μm 3 ( x × y × z bounding box) and were fabricated in a 20 × 20 matrix (Fig. The single GDs have a size of 209.4 × 239.5 × 200.0 μm 3 ( x × y × z bounding box) and were fabricated in a 7 × 7 matrix. Pillars at the base of the GDs and Ts were designed to reduce the adhesion surface of the scaffolds to the substrate and, therefore, to facilitate their subsequent detachment. 6 Such a device for biomedical research laboratories and pharmaceutical companies, allowing for a straightforward assembling of different cell types into an in vivo-mimicking 3D co-culture system, is indeed still missing in the market and in the literature.įigures 2(a) and 2(b), respectively, show the 3D rendering (bottom and side views) of a T into a GD pocket. Reliable brain tumor-on-a-chip platforms should incorporate real-scale 3D fluidic microcapillaries for BBB modeling and biomimetic multicellular cancer models including malignant and nonmalignant cells to investigate both anticancer efficacy and potential side effects following BBB crossing. 7 The obtainment of realistic in vitro brain tumor-on-a-chip platforms is crucial to accurately select potentially valid candidate compounds in early investigation stages and, consecutively, to attenuate costs and ethical issues of unsuccessful advanced preclinical studies. 6 The vast majority of drug development fails during in vivo preclinical and clinical testing. The development of personalized anticancer compounds and nanocarriers is accompanied by the increased need for highly predictive brain cancer models to test their function. 5 To be effective and safe, CNS anticancer drugs must efficiently cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and selectively target the cancer cells, avoiding significant side effects on healthy cells (e.g., neurons, endothelial cells, and astrocytes). In this scenario, intensive research activity is focused on the realization and testing of innovative drugs and nanomedicines able to successfully counteract the proliferation of GBM cells. 3,4 The cell clusters infiltrated in the peritumoral niche that cannot be removed during surgery (i.e., microscopic foci) quickly develop into a new tumor due to their elevated aggressiveness and resistance to conventional anticancer treatments. GBM shows frequent and rapid recurrence, resulting in only 4% 5-year survival despite gold-standard treatments (i.e., temozolomide-based chemotherapy and radiation). 1,2 Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant, aggressive, and generally deadly brain cancer. Brain and central nervous system (CNS) cancers represent a major public health burden, with a progressive increase in incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY).
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |